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Engineering Sub-Second Voice AI: Architectural Pipeline, Streaming Turn Detection, and Latency Optimization in Production
Executive Summary Natural, unforced spoken interaction between humans operates within a narrow acoustic window: standard turn-taking gaps average 200 to 250 milliseconds, and latencies exceeding 1,000 milliseconds induce noticeable psychological dissonance, conversational collisions, and user frustration. However, naive conversational AI pipelines—composed of cascaded, sequential API calls across Voice Activity Detection (VAD), Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Large Langua
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pratibha00
8 min read
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